共用题干 When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren"t just delivering a strict view of what"s going on in the world;they"re af-fected by what"s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who"ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what"s going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example,poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investi-gate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a lit-tle later as the brain"s high-level thinking processes get involved.
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test,each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the ex-periment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment,the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one,80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that
the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word,each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they"d seen一a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word ap-peared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in perception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment,I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our mo-tives and needs,”Radel says. “Poorer children” and“hungry people” are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show______.

A

题干意为“第二段中提到“贫穷的儿童”和“饥饿的人”是为了表明人类的感官会受到头脑活动的影响。”短文第二段第一句提到“几十年来，心理学家已经知道我们头脑中发生的事会影响我们的感官”，文章紧接着举出了“贫穷的儿童”和“饥饿的人”的例子来证明这一点，故选A。
题干意为“拉德尔的实验中有一段推迟，因为他想要把参与实验者分成“饥饿”和“不饥饿”两组。“短文第三段后半部分提到“来参加实验的学生被告知实验推迟，有些人被告知十分钟之后再回来，而另外一些人则有一个小时的时间先吃午饭，这样当他们做实验的时候，一半是处于饥饿状态的，而另一半是刚吃饱的”，由此可见拉德尔故意设计了推迟以达到将参与实验者分组的目的，故选C。
题干意为“为什么屏幕上的80个单词闪现的特别快而且字号非常小？为了确保参与实验者没有时间清醒地思考。”短文第四段第三句提到“这些单词以非常小的字号闪现，这样学生就只能有意识地感知它们”，故选D。
题干意为“拉德尔的实验发现饥饿的人对与食物有关的词比饱腹的人更敏感。”短文第五段第一句提到“饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词觉得更明亮，而且他们能更好地识别这些词”，故选A。
题干意为“从拉德尔的话可以看出人类可以不经过深入思考的过程就能感知他们需要的东西。”短文最后两段提到拉德尔认为，饥饿的人和饱腹的人对单词的不同反应区别在于感知过程而不是思考过程。“人类真的可以感知他们需要或者努力争取的东西”，故选C。